MARKETING THEORY ANSWERS
(1)
(1a)
(i)Color
(ii)Landscaping
(iii)Texture
(iv)Communication

(1b)
(i)Planning
(ii)Directing
(iii)Coordinating
(iv)Analysing past sales figures/trends to anticipate future product needs.
(v)Devising a merchandise plan using the above techniques.
(vi)Relaying the merchandise plan to the buyer who, in turn, can decide on what products, styles, colours etc

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(2)

(2A)(i) This era gave rise to marketing departments
(ii) The era gave rise to marketing companies.
(iii) It led the relationship marketing and social media
(iv) mobile marketing was introduced
(v) The use of technology in marketing

(2B)(i) Buying: It involves what to buy, what quality, how much, from whom, when and at what price. People in business buy to increase sales or decrease cost.

(ii) Selling: This is providing a way to give your customers what he wants. You can sell your product direct to customer or sell it at wholesale price to retailers.

(iii) Storage: It involves the keeping of goods in proper condition from the time they are produced until they are needed by customers.

(iv) Financing: This refers to how your business will. Obtain the money it needs to start operations and stay operable.

(v) Transportation: This is the physical means whereby goods are moved from the place where they are produced to where they are needed for consumption.

(vi) Processing: This involves turning a raw product like wheat into something the consumer can use. Eg bread

(vii) Promoting: A product or service is useless to your business if no one knows about it

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(3)

(3a)
(i) Product concept: This is a marketing concept that assumes that customers will favour those products that offer the most quality for the price and therefore it is paramount for companies and industries to produce quality products. Customers will always go for quality brands and products as it is easy for them to distinguish them.

(ii) Selling concept: Selling concept ensures that once a product is produced, it is backed up by some strategies on how to make it sell. For instance advertising and personal selling methods are used hence any strategy that will beat the competition in the market is adopted.

(iii) Production concept: This focuses on the idea that's firm should focus more on those products that it can produce more efficiently; and as well the production of low-cost products. The concept focuses more on the ability to produces and less on the customer's satisfaction, it assumes that customers will favour those products that are available and affordable. Hence, the major focus is production and distribution.

(iv) Social Marketing concept : This concept ensures that for a company to only focus on exchange relationship with customers might not be to sustain long term success. Hence, the strategy works to deliver values to customers in a way to improve the customer's and societal well-being. Hence, social and ethical considerations are maintained in production.

(3b)
(i) Initial price of product = N4000
Selling price = N6000
Mark up = N6000 - N4000 = N2000

(ii)

(iii) Percentage markup on selling price =
Mark up/selling price × 100/1
= 2000/6000 × 100/1
=33.3%

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(4)
(4a)An entrepreneur is an individual who, rather than working as an employee, founds and runs a small business, assuming all the risks and rewards of the venture.

(4bi)
(i)Basic human psychology.
(ii)Listening skills.
(iii)Prospect filtering.
(iv)Strategic positioning.

(4c)
(i)Establishing a Daily Routine: Many successful entrepreneurs develop, grow and maintain their business in different ways. Even though they have different methods that contribute to their success.

(ii)Exercising: Daily exercise is definitely something that you should include in your routine. Exercise is beneficial for both your physical and mental health, and taking time out of your day to run on a treadmill will boost your productivity.

(iii)Eating a Healthy Diet Food: acts as fuel for your body. What you eat has a significant impact on how you feel throughout the day. It’s important that you maintain a healthy diet if you want to be alert and productive all day long.

(iv)Hiring an Assistant: Most entrepreneurs are on a very tight budget when they get started, and hiring a staff is probably not a viable option. However, you should hire an assistant as soon as your company starts making a profit.

(v)Finding a Mentor: Mentors are extremely beneficial for young entrepreneurs. Even though the world of entrepreneurship may be new to you, there are people who have already gone through what you are going through.

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(5)
(5a)
Advertising is any form of non-personal communication through the mass media that is paid by an identified sponsor with the target to inform people about an idea, product or service.

(5b)
(i) Television
(ii) Newspaper
(iii) Radio
(iv) Billboard
(v) Internet
(vi) Magazine

(5c)
(i) It is deceptive, in that the product may not actually possess the qualities it purports to have on the media.

(ii) It manipulates people to spend outside their purchasing will or ambulance.

(iii) It reduces small business employment.

(iv) It raises the cost of products and services as the cost of advertising are added up.

(v) It encourages monopolistic control.

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CATERING THEORY ANSWERS

(1a) Colander
(i) It used to strain foods such as pasta or rice
(ii) to rinse vegetables

(1b) Pastry board:
(i) It is used in the mixing of bread and pastry dough
(ii) It is used in kneading and rolling of bread and pastry dough

(1c) Kitchen shears
(i) It is used for cutting open food packaging
(ii) cutting up chicken

(1d) Tongs
(i) for serving salad or spaghetti
(ii) Turn meat in a pan or on the grill.

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(2a)
(i) Regularly Clean Up Right After Meals
(ii) Stock Your Pantry with Canned or Jarred Food Items. (iii) Use Your Fridge and Freezer More for Storage
(iv) Seal Holes and Cracks

(2b)
(i) Check the pilot regularly on gas cookers and water heaters to make sure it has not gone out
(ii) Keep knives sharp and in good condition and out of reach of children
(iii) If you suspect a gas leak, open the windows, turn off the supply and call your gas supplier.
(iv) Check the pilot regularly on gas cookers and water heaters to make sure it has not gone out

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(6a)
The bouquet garni: This is a bundle of herbs usually tied together with string and mainly used to prepare soup, stock, casseroles and various stews. The bouquet is cooked with the other ingredients, but is removed prior to consumption.

(6b)
A rissole is a large circular ball, enclosed in pastry or rolled in breadcrumbs, usually baked or deep fried. It is filled with savory ingredients, most often minced meat or fish, and is served as main course, or side dish.

(6c)
Sauté means to cook a dish in a small amount of fat over high heat, making sure that the food doesn't stick to the pan by making it "jump" in and out of the heat.

(6d)
Table d'hôte menu is a menu where multi-course meals with only a few choices are charged at a fixed total price.

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